Shallots are a mild, sweet member of the onion family that’s usually grown from small bulbs called sets. Getting the planting depth right helps the sets root quickly, avoid rot, and size up into a full cluster of bulbs.
Key takeaways
- Plant shallot sets so the tip is just showing, or about 1–2 inches deep depending on soil and conditions.
- Give each set room: roughly 3–6 inches apart, with 10–18 inches between rows (wider spacing can produce larger clusters).
- Use a sunny, free-draining site and avoid waterlogged soil—especially for fall or winter plantings.
What are shallots?
Shallots (Allium cepa Aggregatum Group) are a type of small onion. Unlike many bulbing onions that form one main bulb, a single shallot set typically divides and produces a cluster of bulbs at harvest.
They’re popular in dressings, sauces, and salads because their flavor is milder than most onions and less likely to overpower other ingredients.
Selecting the right planting site
Choose a site with full sun and free-draining soil. Shallots dislike sitting in wet soil, which can lead to rotting and poor bulb formation. Good airflow also helps reduce fungal issues in humid weather.
Preparing the soil for planting
Work in compost or well-rotted manure before planting to improve fertility and soil structure. Shallots grow best in fertile soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (roughly 5.5 to 7.5). If you haven’t tested your soil recently, a simple soil test can help guide amendments.
How deep to plant shallots
The “right” depth depends on whether you’re planting sets or seeds:
| What you’re planting | Depth | Quick note |
|---|---|---|
| Shallot sets (bulbs) | Tip just showing at the surface (about 1–2 inches deep) |
Plant with the pointed end up and firm soil around the set. |
| Seeds | Sow shallowly (follow your seed packet) | True shallots are usually grown from sets; seed varieties vary. |
Soil and climate tweaks: In heavy or wet-prone soil, keep sets on the shallower end (with the tip showing) to reduce the chance of rotting. In lighter soils, you can go a bit deeper as long as shoots can emerge easily.
Spacing (and why it matters)
Spacing affects bulb size and whether you get single bulbs or clusters. As a general range:
- In-row: about 3–6 inches apart (6–8 inches also works in many gardens).
- Between rows: about 10–18 inches apart.
Tighter spacing tends to produce smaller bulbs, while wider spacing can encourage larger clusters.
When to plant shallots
In many regions, sets are planted in spring as soon as the soil can be worked. Some varieties can also be planted in autumn or winter for an earlier harvest, but avoid fall/winter planting in heavy soil that stays wet, since sets can rot.
Watering, mulching, and basic care
Water to keep the soil evenly moist while plants establish and grow, but avoid overwatering. Mulch can help conserve moisture and suppress weeds. Once bulbs begin swelling, reduce watering so bulbs cure better and store longer.
Tips for raised beds and containers
Raised beds are helpful if your ground soil drains poorly. Shallots also grow well in containers if you use a soil-based potting mix and a pot that’s at least 30 cm (1 ft) wide and deep. Container-grown shallots typically need more frequent watering than those in the ground.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Planting too deep in heavy soil: can slow emergence and increase the risk of rot.
- Overwatering: can contribute to bulb rot and storage problems.
- Crowding plants: reduces airflow and may increase disease pressure, especially in humid weather.
Monitoring and troubleshooting
Check plants weekly for signs of stress. Yellowing can indicate overwatering, poor drainage, or nutrient issues. Watch for pests like thrips and onion maggot/onion fly larvae, which can reduce bulb size or damage bulbs. Good sanitation, crop rotation, and keeping alliums out of the same spot for several years can lower disease and pest carryover.
In damp conditions, alliums are more prone to fungal diseases like downy mildew. Prioritize good spacing, avoid wetting foliage when you water, and rotate crops to reduce risk.
Harvesting and storing for maximum yield
Harvest shallots when most leaves turn yellow and flop over. Lift clusters gently to avoid bruising, then separate into individual bulbs. Dry bulbs thoroughly before storage. In good conditions, shallots can be laid out to dry for about 1–2 weeks until foliage is papery, then stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place. Properly cured shallots often keep for six to eight months.
FAQs
What are shallots?
Shallots are a small type of onion with a mild, slightly sweet flavor. They’re commonly grown from sets that divide into multiple bulbs.
How deep should shallot sets be planted?
Plant sets so the tip is just showing at the soil surface (often described as roughly 1–2 inches deep), with the pointed end facing up.
Why does planting depth matter?
Planting at the right depth helps sets root quickly, reduces the risk of rot in wet soil, and supports strong bulb development.
When is the best time to plant shallots?
In most climates, plant sets in early spring when the soil is workable. Some varieties can also be planted in autumn or winter, especially in free-draining soil.
Can shallots be planted in containers?
Yes. Use a free-draining, soil-based potting mix and a container at least 30 cm (1 ft) wide and deep. Keep up with watering, as pots dry out faster.
